UPWORK SWIFT TEST 2016

1. What is the name of the Xcode generated header file used to import Swift classes into an Objective-C Class given a product module named Example?
   Answers:

   • ExampleSwift.h
   • Example.Swift.h
   • Example+Swift.h
   • Example-Swift.h

2. What does a retainCount represent in ARC?
   Answers:

   • The current number of strong references to an object.
   • The current number of instances of an object.
   • The total number of objects currently being retained in memory.
   • The total number of times an object has been allocated.

3. Which of these statements is a valid way to extend the capabilities of our theoretical class, MyClass to conform to protocol MyProtocol?
   Answers:

   • extension MyClass(MyProtocol) { }
   • extension MyClass, prot MyProtocol { }
   • extension MyClass: MyProtocol { }
   • extension MyClass, MyProtocol { }

4. Which one is the correct keyword for defining a constant in Swift? ( or To declare a constant in Swift you would use: )
   Answers:

   • const
   • contant
   • final
   • let
   • def

5. Which one of the below functions definitions is wrong considering Swift language?
   Answers:

   • func haveChar(#string: String, character: Character) -> (Bool)
   • func mean(numbers: Double...) -> Double
   • func minMax(array: [Int]) -> (min: Int, max: Int)?
   • func minMax(array: [Int]) -> (min: Int?, max: Int?)

6. Which of these is a valid syntax for iterating through the keys and values of a dictionary?
   let dictionary = [keyOne : valueOne, keyTwo : valueTwo]
   Answers:

   • for (key, value) in dictionary { println("Key: (key) Value: (value)") }
   • for (key, value) in enumerate(dictionary) { println("Key: (key) Value: (value)") }
   • for (key, value) in (dictionary.keys, dictionary.values) { println("Key: (key) Value: (value)") }
   • for (key, value) in dictionary.enumerate() { println("Key: (key) Value: (value)") }

7. What is the name of the Swift language feature that Objective-C Blocks are translated into?
   Answers:

   • Lambda
   • Callback
   • Closure
   • Selector

8. Which one creates a dictionary with a key type of Integer and value of String?
   Answers:

   • var dict:[Int: String] = ["one":1]
   • var dict: [Int: String] = [1:"one"]
   • var dict: [String: Int] = [1:"one"]
   • var dict = ["one":1]

9. Which of these is an appropriate syntax for dispatching a heavy operation to a background thread?
   Answers:

   • dispatch_async(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND), { self.heavyOperation() })
   • dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND, 0), { self.heavyOperation() })
   • DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND({ self.heavyOperation() })
   • dispatch_async({ self.heavyOperation() })

10. What is the name of the deinitializer in a Class declaration?
    Answers:

    • deinit
    • dealloc
    • release

11. Which of these is an appropriate syntax for declaring a function that takes an argument of a generic type?
    Answers:

    • func genericFunction(argument: T<Generic>) { }
    • func genericFunction<T>(argument) { }
    • generic func genericFunction(argument: T) { }
    • func genericFunction<T>(argument: T) { }

12. Which of these is not a valid property declaration in Swift?
    Answers:

    • final let x = 0
    • final lazy let x = 0
    • final lazy var x = 0
    • final var x = 0

13. Which is the wrong definition of a protocol in Swift?
    Answers:

    • protocol SomeProtocol { var first: Int{ get } }
    • protocol SomeProtocol { var first: Int{ set } }
    • protocol SomeProtocol { var first: Int { get set } }
    • protocol SomeProtocol { var first: Int { get set } var second: Int { get } }

14. Which of the following structures has both computed and stored properties?
    Answers:

    • struct Rect { var origin = CGPointZero var center: CGPoint { get { // } set { // } } }
    • struct Rect { var center: CGPoint { get { // } set { // } } }
    • struct Rect { let origin = CGPointZero }
    • struct Rect { var origin = CGPointZero var center: CGPointMake(0,0) }

15. Considering var index = UInt8.max, which of the following operation results to the value of zero for var index?
    Answers:

    • index = index &- 1
    • index = index &+ 1
    • index = index &* 1
    • index = index &/ 255

16. All Swift classes must inherit from which root class?
    Answers:

    • Swift classes do not require a root class.
    • NSObject
    • @ObjC
    • Root

17. Which keyword is used on a function in an enumeration to indicate that the function will modify 'self'?
    Answers:

    • modifier
    • mutating
    • mutable
    • mod
    • mut

18. Which is correct for Enumerations?
    Answers:

    • Enumerations can define initializers.
    • Enumerations cannot conform to protocols.
    • Enumerations cannot conform to protocols.

19. Which of these is a valid definition of a generic function that incorporates inout parameters in Swift?
    Answers:

    • func swap<T>(inout a: T, inout b: T) { let temp = a a = b b = temp }
    • func swap<U,T>(inout a: U, inout b: T) { let temp = a a = b b = temp }
    • func swap<U,T>( a: U, b: T) { let temp = a a = b b = temp }
    • func swap<T>( a: T, b: T) { let temp = a a = b b = temp }

20. If we have a class named MyClass with a nested enum called Status, declared like so: `class MyClass { enum Status {

      case On, Off
    

    } }`
    How would one indicate that a variable is an enum of type Status outside the context of MyClass? Answers:

    • var status: MyClass.Status = .On
    • var status: Status = .On
    • var status: MyClass<Status> = .On
    • var status: MyClass(Status) = .On

21. Which of the following could be used to indicate the Function Type of the following function: func joinStrings(stringOne: String, stringTwo: String) -> String { return stringOne + stringTwo }
    Answers:

    • func(String, String -> String)
    • (String, String) -> String
    • {String, String} -> String
    • {String, String}(String)

22. Which of the following statements could be used to determine if a given variable is of String type?
    Answers:

    • if String.hierarchy(unknownVariable) { }
    • if unknownVariable is String { }
    • if unkownVariable: String { }
    • if (String)unknownVariable { }

23. Which of these could be an appropriate protocol declaration in Swift?
    Answers:

    • @objc protocol someProtocal { optional var first: Int { get } }
    • @objc protocol someProtocal { optional var first: Int { set } }
    • protocol someProtocal { optional var first: Int { get } }
    • protocol someProtocal { var first: Int { set } }

24. In context of a Swift subscript, which of the following is correct?
    Answers:

    • struct MyStruct { var myStr = [String]() subscript (index : Int) -> String{ get{ return myStr[index] } set{ myStr[index] = newValue } } }
    • struct MyStruct { var myStr = [String]() subscript (index : Int) -> Int{ get{ return myStr[index] } set(newValue){ myStr[index] = newValue } } }
    • struct MyStruct { var myStr = [String]() subscript (index : Int) -> String{ get(){ return myStr[index] } set(newValue){ myStr[index] = newValue } } }
    • struct MyStruct { var myStr = [String] subscript (index : Int) -> String{ get(){ return myStr[index] } set(newValue){ myStr[index] = newValue } } }

25. What is used to import Objective-C files into Swift?
    Answers:

    • Objective-C classes are automatically imported.
    • Objective-C classes are imported in the Swift file using the class.
    • Objective-C classes are imported via a Bridging Header.
    • Objective-C classes import themselves by declare @SwiftImportable.

26. What keyword is used to indicate a custom operator that will appear in between two targets, similar to the addition operator in this example?
    var sum = 10 + 10
    Answers:

    • @inter
    • between
    • infix
    • @center

27. Which is correct regarding Swift enumeration members when they are defined?
    Answers:

    • Members are assigned a default integer value.
    • Members are assigned a random default integer value.
    • Members are not assigned default integer values.

28. What type of object are Swift Structures?
    Answers:

    • Reference Type
    • Memory Type
    • Abstract Type
    • Value Type

29. Which keyword in the context of a Switch statement is required to force the execution of a subsequent case?
    Answers:

    • fallthrough
    • continue
    • break
    • return

30. What is the type of Swift Enumerations?
    Answers:

    • Reference type
    • Class type
    • Collection type
    • Value type

31. Given that we have defined myChar like so :
    let myChar: Character = "b"
    Which code segment can be considered a complete Switch statement and will run without any error?
    Answers:

    • switch myChar { case "a","A": println("The letter A") case "b","B": println("The letter A") }
    • switch myChar { case "a": println("The letter A") }
    • switch myChar { case "a": case "A": println("The letter A") default: println("Not the letter A") }
    • switch myChar { case "a","A": println("The letter A") default: println("Not the letter A") }

32. Can enumeration type have methods?
    Answers:

    • Enumerations can have methods associate with them.
    • Enumerations can have only member values.

33. Which of the following declares a mutable array in Swift?
    Answers:

    • var x = [Int]
    • let x = [Int]
    • var x = [Int]()
    • let x = [Int]()

34. Which keyword is used in Swift when we want a property of a class to initialize when it is accessed for the first time?
    Answers:

    • let
    • var
    • const
    • lazy

35. Which is used for down casting?
    Answers:

    • as!
    • is
    • is?
    • as?

36. What attribute can be used to allow a protocol to contain optional functions and to be used in ObjC?
    Answers:

    • objective_bridge
    • ObjC
    • _objc
    • @objc

37. Which of the following types can be used use as raw value types for an enumeration?
    Answers:

    • Bool
    • Array
    • Int, String, Float
    • Dictionary

38. Which keyword do you use to declare enumeration?
    Answers:

    • var
    • enum
    • struct
    • case

39. When declaring an enumeration, multiple member values can appear on a single line, separated by which punctuation mark?
    Answers:

    • Semi-colon
    • Colon
    • Comma
    • Slash
    • Point

40. How do closures capture references to variables by default?
    Answers:

    • By weak reference
    • By strong reference
    • By unowned reference
    • By copy

41. To declare a function in swift you would use what keyword?
    Answers:

    • function
    • new func
    • var
    • let
    • func

42. Which of the folowing could be used to indicate the Function Type of the folowing function:

    func joinStrings(stringOne: String, stringTwo: String) -> String { return stringOne + stringTwo }

    Answers:

    • func(String, String -> String)
    • (String, String) -> String
    • {String, String} -> String
    • {String, String}(String)

43. What is used in Swift to represent any kind of object?
    Answers:

    • Ob
    • id
    • AnyObject
    • Nothing

44. What is the name of the Objective-C Bridging Header given a product module named Example?
    Answers:

    • Example-Bridging-Swift.h
    • Example-Swift.h
    • Example-Bridging-ObjectiveC.h
    • Example-Bridging-Header.h

45. What is the name that represents a character in Swift?
    Answers:

    • Character
    • Char
    • String
    • NSString

46. What is a muting instance method in Swift?
    Answers:

    • When there is "muting" keyword in front of extension.
    • When extension can add new types to existing classes.
    • When instance method without extension can modify itself.
    • A method that modifies self.

47. Swift Extensions are similar to categories in Objective-C except:
    Answers:

    • Swift extension might have a specific name
    • Swift extension doesn’t functionality to previously defined type.
    • Swift can override method from original type.
    • Swift extensions are not named.

48. Considering the following code, which statement is Correct:
    let array1 = ["A", "B", "C"] var array2 = array1 array2.append("D")
    Answers:

    • array1 will be copied to array2 after the assignment
    • Reference count of array1 won't change after the assignment
    • array1 will change to [A, B, C, D] after appending D
    • Code will not compile, can not assign constant array1 to variable array2

49. How could we create a subclass of the Structure, CGRect?
    Answers:

    • struct MyRect: CGRect {}
    • struct CGRect(MyRect) {}
    • You can not subclass a Structure
    • struct MyRect extends CGRect {}

50. Which is correct regarding optional form of the type cast operator (as?)?
    Answers:

    • It will trigger a runtime error if you try to downcast to an incorrect class type.
    • This is used when you are sure that the downcast will always succeed
    • Return value will be nil if the downcast was not possible

51. How could one declare a Swift Array type that can store any type of class object?
    Answers:

    • var arr: [id] = [ ]
    • var arr: [AnyObject] = [ ]
    • [AnyObject] arr = [ ]
    • var arr = NSArray<AnyObject>()

52. What is the return value of type check operator — is ?
    Answers:

    • true, false
    • 0, 1
    • yes, no
    • 1, -1

53. How could we cast the following array into an NSArray that accesses the NSArray method:
    componentsJoinedByString() < let arr = ["1", "2", "3"]
    Answers:

    • arr.toNSArray.componentsJoinedByString(",")
    • NSArray(arr).componentsJoinedByString(",")
    • (arr as NSArray).componentsJoinedByString(",")
    • (arr bridge NSArray).componentsJoinedByString(",")

54. What set of keywords is most commonly used to iterate over a collections of items?
    Answers:

    • for each
    • switch case
    • do while
    • for in

55. How can we use optional binding to determine if the variable string is not nil?
    Answers:

    • if let str = string {…}
    • if string {…}
    • if string as String {…}
    • if let string {…}

56. Choose the answer that declares an optional closure.
    Answers:

    • var closureName: (parameterTypes) -> (returnType)
    • typealias closureType = (parameterTypes) -> (returnType)
    • var closureName: ((parameterTypes) -> (returnType))
    • let closureName: closureType = { … }

57. Let’s assume "numbers" is an array of unsorted integers. Which of these could be used to sort numbers?
    Answers:

    • numbers.sort({$0, $1 in $0 > $1})
    • numbers.sort({s1 > s2})
    • numbers.sort({$0 > $1})
    • numbers.sort(){s1 > s2}

58. What symbol is used like a tuple to access arguments in Abbreviated Swift Closure syntax?
    Answers:

    • $
    • *
    • &
    • @
    • ~

59. How could you call the following function that takes a closure as an argument using trailing closure syntax:

    ()) { // function body goes here }>

    Answers:

    • funcWithClosure ({ //closure’s body goes here })
    • funk funcWithClosure ({ //closure’s body goes here })
    • funcWithClosure() { //closure’s body goes here }
    • funcWithClosure { //closure’s body goes here )

60. How could the following closure be rewritten to use shorthand arguments? s2 } ) > Answers:

    • reversed = sorted(names, { $0 ,$1 in $0 > $1 } )
    • reversed = sorted(names, { $0 > $1 } )
    • reversed = sorted(names, { $0 ,$1 } )
    • reversed = sorted( { $0 > $1 } )

61. What is a trailing closure?
    Answers:

    • A closure expression that is called directly after another closure expression
    • A closure expression that is written outside of (and after) the parentheses of the function call it supports.
    • A closure expression that is declared within the scope of another closure expression.
    • A closure expression that is declared at the property of an object.

62. Which of the following statements is true regarding Swift closures and functions?
    Answers:

    • Functions and Closures are not related
    • A Function is a Closure declared within the scope of a Class
    • A Function is a named Closure
    • Closures can’t be used as arguments, Functions can

63. What are the available arithmetic overflow operators in Swift?
    Answers:

    • op+,op-,op*,op/,op%
    • &+,&-,&*,&/,&%
    • +,-,*,/,%
    • &, |, &&, ||

64. What specifies custom infix operator?
    Answers:

    • it is a binary operator, taking a left and right hand argument
    • it is a unary operator written before its operand
    • it is a unary operator written after its operand
    • it is a reserved word that must be preceded with **

65. Which of following statements about functions is wrong?
    Answers:

    • In-out parameters might have a default value
    • Function might have multiple return values
    • Function might not have return values
    • Function names might be the same with another but at least one parameter should be different

66. In the below text, what type of return does the function ‘area’ give?

    Class Square: NamedShape {
    var sideLength: Double
    func area() -> Double {
    return sideLength*sideLength
    }
    }

    Answers:

    • Int
    • the area of a square
    • Double
    • area

67. In the below text, what is the class name?

    Class Square: NamedShape {
    var sideLength: Double
    func area() -> Double {
    return sideLength*sideLength
    }
    }

    Answers:

    • NamedShape
    • Square
    • class
    • Double
    • sideLength

68. In the below text, what is the name of the class’s only method?

    Class Square: NamedShape {
    var sideLength: Double
    func area() -> Double {
    return sideLength*sideLength
    }
    }

    Answers:

    • sideLength
    • area
    • Square
    • NamedShape
    • Double

69. What aspect of iOS development requires the use of NSOperation and/or Grand Central Dispatch (GCD)?
    Answers:

    • Multithreading
    • serial task
    • None
    • Message Sending

70. Which Swift Type is used to group multiple values into a single compound value? For example:

    let compoundValue = (3, 5)

    Answers:

    • GroupObject
    • Tuple
    • Ordered
    • Struct

71. Swift can compile alongside what other language?
    Answers:

    • Objective C (Objective-C)
    • Ruby
    • Scala
    • Erlang

72. What does Swift compile to?
    Answers:

    • C
    • C++
    • Ruby
    • Machine code
    • Objective-C

73. Which of following expressions can be used to rewrite the following UITableView instantiation in Swift

    UITableView *myTableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectZero style: UITableViewStyleGrouped];

    Answers:

    • let myTableView: UITableView = new UITableView(frame: CGRectZero, style: .Grouped);
    • let myTableView: UITableView = UITableView.alloc().init(frame: CGRectZero, style: .Grouped);
    • let myTableView: UITableView = UITableView(frame: CGRectZero, style: .Grouped);
    • let myTableView: UITableView = UITableView(frame: CGRectZero, style: UITableViewStyleGrouped)

74. Which of these operators is used to check whether or not two instances are identical?
    Answers:

    • ==
    • =
    • equalsTo
    • ===
    • identicalTo

75. In the bellow text, what is the super class name?

    class Square: NamedShape {
    var sideLenght: Double
    func area() -> Double {
    return sideLenght * sideLenght
    }
    }

    Answers:

    • Square
    • Double
    • area
    • sideLenght
    • NamedShape

76. In the bellow text, what is the property name?

    class Square: NamedShape {
    var sideLenght: Double
    func area() -> Double {
    return sideLenght * sideLenght
    }
    }

    Answers:

    • sideLenght
    • Square
    • NamedShape
    • area
    • NA

77. What will happen if you assign a value to a property within its own didSet observer?
    Answers:

    • didSet will be called again
    • It will create an infinite loop
    • The property will take on that value
    • Code will not compile

78. Which of the following is correct to cube Integer?
    Answers:

    • extension Int { mutating func cube () { self = selfselfself } }
    • extension Int { mutating func cube () { return selfselfself } }
    • extension Int { func cube () { self = selfselfself } }
    • extension Int { func cube () { return selfselfself } }

79. In what queue should all UI code be handled?
    Answers:

    • BackgroundQueue
    • UIQueue
    • Any Queue
    • MainQueue

80. In what order will the following statements appear in the console?

    println("1")
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), {println("2")});
    println("3")

    Answers:

    • 1/3/2
    • 3/1/2
    • 1/2/3
    • 2, 1,2

81. When declaring a function, what symbol is used to indicate that an internal parameter name should also be used as an external parameter?
    Answers:

    • _ (right answer)
    • @
    • :
    • #

82. What is the result of the following code?

    func potteryBarn (name: String, score: Int) -> String { return "Hello (name)! Your score is (score)." }
    potteryBarn ("Tom" , 2)

    Answers:

    • Hello Tom! Your score is 2.
    • name: Tom, score: 2
    • Hello Tom!
    • potteryBarn = "Hello Tom! Your score is 2."

83. What is the return type in the following declaration:

    func potteryBarn (name: String, score: Int) -> String { return "Hello (name)! Your score is (score)." }

    Answers:

    • Integer
    • String
    • Function
    • Constant

84. What are the names of the input parameters in the following function:

    func potteryBarn (name: String, score: Int) -> String {return "Hello (name)! Your score is (score)."}

    Answers:

    • String, Int
    • potteryBarn
    • name, score

85. Which is the correct optional form of a down cast operator?
    Answers:

    • as
    • as?
    • as!
    • as.
    • as>>

86. To loop through a range of the numbers 1-9 without using 9, you would write…
    Answers:

    • for i in 0…8
    • for i in 0>..9
    • for i in 1<..8
    • for i in 1..<9

87. Which of these is an invalid constant or variable declaration?
    Answers:

    • let = 3.14159
    • let <pi> = 3.14159
    • let = ""
    • let = "dogcow"

88. What is the correct way to compare the equality of two String type objects in Swift?
    Answers:

    • equalsTo
    • ==
    • isEqual
    • >=<

89. AnyObject can represent:
    Answers:

    • an instance of any class type.
    • function types.
    • an instance of any type at all.

90. What is the name of the following function:

    func potteryBarn (name: String, score: Int) -> String { return "Hello (name)! Your score is (score)." }

    Answers:

    • String
    • name: String, score: Int
    • potteryBarn
    • func

91. Which keyword do you use to define a function?
    Answers:

    • func
    • function
    • procedure
    • let
    • extension

92. What is the type of Swift String, Dictionary, Array?
    Answers:

    • Class
    • Union
    • Enum
    • Structure

93. What will be the final value of "a.data" and "b.data" after following codes are executed?

    struct A { var data: Int = 2 }
    var a = A()
    var b = a
    var c = b
    c.data = 10
    a.data = 5

    Answers:

    • a.data = 10 and b.data = 2
    • a.data = 2 and b.data = 5
    • a.data = 5 and b.data = 5
    • a.data = 5 and b.data = 2

94. How will ARC handle "Country" instance and "country2" reference when "country1" is set to "nil"?

    class Country{
    let name: String
    init(name: String){
    self.name = name
    }
    }
    var country1: Country?
    var country2: Country?
    country1 = Country(name: "Bangladesh")
    country2 = country1

    Answers:

    • ARC will deallocate the Country instance but country2 will hold name it’s "Bangladesh"
    • ARC will not deallocate the Country instance but country2 will become "nil"
    • ARC will not deallocate the Country instance and country2 will hold it’s name "Bangladesh"
    • ARC will deallocate the Country instance and country2 will become "nil"

95. What is true about Memory management in Swift?
    Answers:

    • Swift uses Non-ARC so we need to handle the references manually.
    • Swift uses ARC but we still need to avoid reference cycles using weak and strong references etc.
    • Swift uses ARC so we don’t need to care about memory management at all.
    • NA

96. To which of these types does ARC apply?
    Answers:

    • Class
    • Structure
    • Enumeration
    • Basic types (String, Int, Bool)

97. Why are IBOutlets declared with a weak attribute by default?
    Answers:

    • IBOutlets are not declared with a weak attribute by default.
    • To save memory
    • To increase loading speed
    • They are already retained by the view

98. How could we declare a custom protocol that inherits from Equatable?
    Answers:

    • protocol CustomEquatable: Equatable {…}
    • protocol CustomEquatable, Equatable {…}
    • protocol CustomEquatable extends Equatable {…}
    • protocol CustomEquatable<Equatable> {…}

99. How can you use a nested type outside of its definition?
    Answers:

    • Prefix its name with the name of the type it is nested within.
    • It’s impossible, nested types can’t be used outside of definition.
    • It can be used from anywhere in the same block.
    • Use generic type for definition.

100. Which is correct for the following codes?

     class Country{
     let name: String
     init(name: String){
     self.name = name;
     }
     var city: City?
     }
     class City{
     let name: String
     init(name: String){
     self.name = name;
     }
     var country: Country?
     }
     var bangladesh: Country?
     var khulna: City?
     bangladesh = Country( name: "Bangladesh" )
     khulna = City( name: "Khulna" )
     bangladesh?.city = khulna
     khulna?.country = bangladesh
     bangladesh = nil
     khulna = nil

     Answers:

     • Neither Country, nor City will be deallocated.
     • Both Country and City instance will be deallocated.
     • Only Country instance will be deallocated.
     • Only City instance will be deallocated.

101. Which keyword is used to declare an extension in Swift?
     Answers:

     • extend
     • extension
     • typealias
     • mutating
     • subscript

102. Which of the following statements is true when talking about classes and structures in Swift?
     Answers:

     • Both incorporate Inheritance
     • Both use reference counting
     • Both can be extended
     • Both are value types

103. How could we extend String to conform to protocol MyProtocol? Answers:

     • extension String(MyProtocol) { }
     • extension String, prot MyProtocol { }
     • extension String: MyProtocol { }
     • extension String, MyProtocol { }

104. Which keyword do you use to define a class? Answers:

     • class
     • method
     • var
     • property

105. What is the output of this segment of code:

     var x = 0 for index in 1...5 { ++x } print("(x)")

     Answers:

     • 4
     • 5
     • 6
     • None of this

106. Can Structures be type cast in Swift?
     Answers:

     • Yes
     • No
     • Only those deriving from NSObject
     • Only when they conform to protocol TypeCast

107. Which keyword do you use to define a protocol?
     Answers:

     • protocol
     • interface
     • struct
     • class

108. Which of these statements declares cityArray as a mutable array?
     Answers:

     • let cityArray = ["Portland","San Francisco","Cupertino"]
     • let cityArray = [String]()
     • var cityArray = ["Portland","San Francisco","Cupertino"]
     • var cityArray = ["OR" : "Portland", "CA" : "San Francisco"]

109. Which of these collection types is not included by default in standard Swift?
     Answers:

     • Set
     • Array
     • Dictionary
     • NA

110. What happens when Swifts String, Array, and Dictionary objects are assigned to a new constant or variable?
     Answers:

     • They are copied.
     • They are always assigned and passed around as a reference to an existing instance.
     • They are assigned or copied according to the variable definition.

111. What is the most basic difference between Value and Reference types?
     Answers:

     • Copying Value type creates an shared instance where Reference type creates independent instance
     • Value type instance share a single copy of the data where Reference type instances keeps a unique copy of its data
     • Assigning a Value type to a new variable copies its contents to a new instance, where Reference types do not.

112. If a class has a superclass and conforms to multiple protocols, what is the correct order to list their names in the initial definition of the Subclass?
     Answers:

     • Protocols first, super class followed by comma.
     • Protocols and super class can be listed in any order.
     • Super class first, protocols followed by comma.

113. Which one is correct function definition?
     Answers:

     • func sayHello(personName: String) -> String {}
     • func sayHello(personName-> String) -> String {}
     • func sayHello(personName-> String) : String {}
     • func sayHello(personName: String) : String

114. Which of the following statements about Extensions is false?
     Answers:

     • Extensions can add new functionality to a type.
     • Keyword for Extensions is "extension"
     • Extensions can override existing functionality.
     • Extensions can make an existing type confirm to a protocol